The Odor Assessment Laboratory studies air emissions for the development of improved agricultural management strategies.

Two people using olfactometry equipment for odor assessment

Two people using olfactometry equipment for odor assessment

Odors and Agriculture

  • Agriculture is a key industry in Pennsylvania.
  • Odors are an unavoidable consequence of animal agriculture.
  • Rural population growth and expanding animal operations are increasing nuisance odor complaints.
  • Agricultural odors are a complex mixture of many compounds (odorants).
  • The human nose, the ultimate odor sensor, is capable of detecting thousands of odorants.
  • Selected odor characteristics can be objectively quantified.
  • International protocols assure that odor study results are reproducible.
  • Odor mitigation practices can be used to reduce off-site nuisance situations.
  • Odor research strives to assess the effectiveness of alternative odor mitigation practices.

The Penn State Odor Assessment Laboratory

  • Adheres to rigorous international protocols for human odor panel testing.
  • Specializes in human sensory methods to characterize and quantify odors.
  • Employs state-of-the-art dynamic olfactometry equipment for odor panel assessment.
  • Employs the only university-based forced-choice dynamic olfactometer in the Mid-Atlantic region dedicated to the study of agricultural odors.
  • Employs portable olfactometry equipment for field odor measurements.
  • Uses a variety of laboratory-based and field gas collection techniques.
  • Offers supplimental gas measurement methods for quantification of ammonia and greenhouse gas emissions.

Nuisance Odor Factors

  • Odor Factor WheelFrequency
  • Intensity
  • Duration
  • Character
  • Hedonic Tone

Environmental odors are characterized using the Odor Character Description Wheel.

Odor CharacterOdor Character Wheel

  • Floral
  • Fruity
  • Vegetable
  • Offensive
  • Fishy
  • Chemical
  • Medicinal
  • Earthy

"Earthy" Descriptors

An "earthy" odor character has the following descriptors.

  • Ashes
  • Chaulk-like
  • Grassy
  • Mold
  • Mouse-like
  • Mushroom
  • Musky
  • Musty
  • Peat-like
  • Pine
  • Smokey
  • Stale
  • Swampy
  • Woody
  • Yeast

Olfactometry: Use of the human sense of smell to characterize and quatify odors.

Human Sensory Thresholds

Detection: observer can sense a difference in the air environment… air is different from odorless control.

Recognition: observer can assign a descriptive term to odor.

Olfactometer - Air Dilution Concept

Mixing of carbon-filtered air with odorous air.

Mixing carbon-filtered air with odorous air.

Cooperators and Clients
Odor Lab Video
Odor Manual

PDF document, 967.9 KB

This document summarizes, in an easy-to-read format, current information on odor management for agricultural and food processing operations.

Projects Evaluated
Project Funding Sources
Publications
Key Personnel