Paul Heinemann, Ph.D.
- Professor of Agricultural and Biological Engineering
- Agricultural and Biorenewable Systems Management Undergraduate Coordinator
Agricultural Engineering Building, Rm.220
University Park, PA 16802
- Email hzh@psu.edu
- Office 814-865-2633
Areas of Expertise
- Specialty crop mechanization and automation
- Precision agriculture applications for specialty crops
- Applications of artificial intelligence to agricultural systems management and control
Websites
Education
- Ph.D. Agricultural Meteorology—University of Florida, December, 1985. Dissertation work involved simulation models for the prediction of cooling of the environment during Florida frost nights using planetary boundary layer and surface energy balance models.
- M.S. Agricultural Engineering—Pennsylvania State University, November, 1982. Thesis project involved development of a specialized sensor to detect damaging temperatures in apple orchards during frost nights.
- B.S. Meteorology—Pennsylvania State University, May, 1980.
Teaching
- BE 301 - Mathematical Modeling of Biological and Physical Systems
- BRS 430W, 431W - Biorenewable Capstone, part 1 and part 2
- ABE 559 - Biological and Agricultural Systems Simulation
- BRS 490 - BRS Colloquium
For information about courses please visit the LionPATH Course Catalog.
Professional Experience
- Professor Of Agricultural And Biological Engineering - Department of Agricultural and Biological Engineering. July, 1999-present.
- Department Head - Department of Agricultural and Biological Engineering. July, 2010-July 2021.
- Associate Professor Of Agricultural Engineering - Department of Agricultural and Biological Engineering. July, 1994-June, 1999.
- Assistant Professor Of Agricultural Engineering - Pennsylvania State University, Department of Agricultural and Biological Engineering. September, 1988-June, 1994.
- Post-Doctorate Project Assistant - Pennsylvania State University, Department of Entomology. January, 1987-August, 1988. Integrated Pest Management expert systems programmer and programmer manager.
- Post-Doctorate Project Assistant - Pennsylvania State University, Department of Agricultural Engineering. January, 1986-September, 1987. Greenhouse systems modeling, plant tissue cultures.
Research Interests and Responsibilities
- Specialty crop mechanization and automation
- Precision agriculture applications for specialty crops
- Applications of artificial intelligence to agricultural systems management and control
Memberships in Professional Societies
Publications
Precision heating strategy based dynamic heater path planning for frost protection in apple orchards
Biosystems Engineering, Hua, Weiyun, He, Long, Heinemann, Paul, Zhu, Minghui, 2025
Frost management in agriculture with advanced sensing, modeling, and artificial intelligent technologies: A review
Computers and Electronics in Agriculture, Hua, Weiyun, Heinemann, Paul, He, Long, 2025
Presymptomatic Detection of Fire Blight in Apple Orchards Using Portable Diffuse Reflectance Spectroscopy: A Machine Learning Approach
ASABE, Yang, Yanqiu, Heinemann, Paul H., Pawikhum, Kittiphum, Peter, Kari A., 2024
UGV-Based Precision Spraying System for Chemical Apple Blossom Thinning on Trellis Trained Canopies
Journal of Field Robotics, Mu, Xinyang, He, Long, Heinemann, Paul, Schupp, James Rawlinson, Karkee, Manoj, Zhu, Minghui, 2024
Canopy protection cyber-physical system (CPCPS) for smart agricultural management of frost damage in apple orchards
Computers and Electronics in Agriculture, Hua, Weiyun, Heinemann, Paul Heinz, He, Long, 2024
Heat transfer modeling with fixed and mobile heaters for frost protection in apple orchards
Computers and Electronics in Agriculture, Hua, Weiyun, Heinemann, Paul, Long, He, 2024
Green Fruit-Stem Pairing and Clustering for Machine Vision System in Robotic Thinning of Apples
Journal of Field Robotics, Hussain, Magni, He, Long, Schupp, James Rawlinson, Lyons, David, Heinemann, Paul, 2024
Detection and infected area segmentation of apple fire blight using image processing and deep transfer learning for site-specific management
Computers and Electronics in Agriculture, Mahmud, Md Sultan, He, Long, Zahid, Azlan, Heinemann, Paul, Choi, Daeun, Krawczyk, Grzegorz, Zhu, Heping, 2023
Green fruit segmentation and orientation estimation for robotic green fruit thinning of apples
Computers and Electronics in Agriculture, Hussain, Magni, He, Long, Schupp, James Rawlinson, Lyons, David, Heinemann, Paul, 2023
Studies in precision crop load management of apple
Acta Horticulturae, Robinson, T. L., Gonzalez, L., Cheng, L., Ziang, Y., Peck, G., Arnoldussen, B., Gomez, M., Guerra, M., Sazo, Mario Miranda, Kahlke, C., Einhorn, T., Wallis, A., Musacchi, S., Serra, S., Lewis, K., Schmidt, T., Heinemann, P., He, L., Kon, T., Sherif, S., Clements, J., Layer, C., 2023
UAV Photogrammetry-Based Apple Orchard Blossom Density Estimation and Mapping
Horticulturae, Yuan, Wenan, Hua, Weiyun, Heinemann, Paul Heinz, He, Long, 2023
CFD SIMULATION OF POROUS CANOPY HEAT TRANSFER IN APPLE ORCHARD-BASED FROST PROTECTION
Journal of the ASABE, Hua, Weiyun, Heinemann, Paul, He, Long, Yuan, Wenan, 2023
AN ADVANCED ROBOTIC SYSTEM FOR PRECISION CHEMICAL THINNING OF APPLE BLOSSOMS
Journal of the ASABE, Mu, Xinyang, Hussain, Magni, He, Long, Heinemann, Paul, Schupp, James, Karkee, Manoj, Zhu, Minghui, 2023
Detection and feature analysis of apple fire blight disease using image processing and deep transfer learning
Computers and Electronics in Agriculture, Mahmud, Md, He, L, Zahid, Azlan, Heinemann, Paul, Choi, Daeun, Krawczyk, G, Zhu, Heping, 2023
Design of End-effectors for Apple Robotic Thinning in the Green Fruit Stage, Pawikhum, Kittiphum, Heinemann, Paul H., He, Long, Sommer, III, Henry Joseph, Bock, Randall, 2023
Multi-agent Path Planning in Apple Orchard with Tight Tree Rows Based on Improved A-Star Algorithm for Frost Protection, Hua, Weiyun, Heinemann, Paul, He, Long, 2023
Mask R-CNN based apple flower detection and king flower identification for precision pollination
Smart Agricultural Technology, Mu, Xinyang, He, Long, Heinemann, Paul, Schupp, James, Karkee, Manoj, 2022
Unmanned aerial vehicle based tree canopy characteristics measurement for precision spray applications
Smart Agricultural Technology, Mahmud, Md Sultan, He, Long, Choi, Daeun, Zhu, Heping, Choi, Daeun, Heinemann, Paul, Zhu, Heping, 2022
An Apple Tree Branch Pruning Analysis
HortTechnology, Zahid, Azlan, Mahmud, Md S, He, Long, Schupp, James, Choi, Daeun, Heinemann, Paul, 2022
Sensitivity examination of YOLOv4 regarding test image distortion and training dataset attribute for apple flower bud classification
International Joural of Remote Sensing, Yuan, Wenan, Choi, D, Bolkas, Dimitrios, Heinemann, Paul Heinz, He, Long, 2022
Green Fruit Removal Dynamics for Development of Robotic Green Fruit Thinning End-Effector
Journal of the ASABE, Hussain, Magni, He, Long, Schupp, James, Heinemann, Paul, Heinemann, Paul, Schupp, James, 2022
A Heat Transfer Model for an Apple Orchard Equipped with Mobile Heaters During Frost
2022 ASABE Annual International Meeting, Hua, Weiyun, He, Long, Heinemann, Paul, 2022
LoRaWAN based internet of things (IoT) system for precision irrigation in plasticulture fresh-market tomato
Smart Agricultural Technology, Zhang, Haozhe, He, Long, Heinemann, Paul, Di Gioia, Francesco, Di Gioia, F, Choi, D, Heinemann, Paul, Choi, daeun, Elia, Antonio, Elia, Antonio, Heinemann, P, 2022
DEVELOPMENT OF AN AUTOMATIC AIRFLOW CONTROL SYSTEM FOR PRECISION SPRAYERS BASED ON TREE CANOPY DENSITY
Journal of the ASABE, Mahmud, Md Sultan, Zahid, Azlan, He, Long, Zhu, Heping, Choi, Daeun, Heinemann, Paul, Krawczy, Grzegorz, Choi, Daeun, Krawczyk, Grzegorz, Heinemann, Paul, 2022
On-tree apple fruit size estimation using stereo vision with deep learning-based occlusion handling
Biosystems Engineering, Mirbod, Omeed, Choi, Daeun, He, L, Heinemann, Paul, Heinemann, Paul, He, Long, Marini, Richard P., Marini, Richard, 2022
Technological advancements towards developing a robotic pruner for apple trees: A review
Computers and Electronics in Agriculture, Zahid, Azlan, Mahmud, Md Sultan, He, Long, Heinemann, Paul, Choi, Daeun, Schupp, James, 2021
Development of a LiDAR-guided section-based tree canopy density measurement system for precision spray applications
Computers and Electronics in Agriculture, Sultan Mahmud, Md, Zahid, Azlan, He, Long, Choi, Daeun, Krawczyk, Grzegorz, Zhu, Heping, Heinemann, Paul, 2021
Internet of things (IoT)-based precision irrigation with LoRAWAN technology applied to vegetable production
ASABE, Zhang, Haozhe, He, L, Di Gioia, Francesco, Choi, Daeun Dana, Heinemann, Paul Heinz, 2021
Investigation of branch accessibility with a robotic pruner for pruning apple trees
Transactions of the ASABE, Zahid, Azlan, He, Long, Choi, Daeun, Schupp, James, Heinemann, Paul, 2021
In-field apple size and location tracking using machine vision to assist fruit thinning and harvest decision-making, Mirbod, Omeed, Choi, Daeun, He, L, Heinemann, Paul, He, Long, Heinemann, P, Marini, R, Schupp, James, 2021
Prediction of human odour assessments based on hedonic tone method using instrument measurements and multi-sensor data fusion integrated neural networks
Biosystems Engineering, Chang, Fangle, Heinemann, Paul H., 2020
Development of an integrated 3R end-effector with a cartesian manipulator for pruning apple trees
Computers and Electronics in Agriculture, Zahid, Azlan, Mahmud, Md, He, Long, Choi, Daeun, Schupp, James, Heinemann, Paul, Heinemann, Paul, Schupp, James, 2020
Development of a robotic end-effector for apple tree pruning
Transactions of the ASABE, Zahid, Azlan, He, L., Zeng, Lihua, Choi, D., Schupp, J., Heinemann, P., 2020
Thermal properties of ‘Gala’ apples during growing season for predicting harvest time
Transactions of the ASABE, Caliskan-Aydogan, Oznur, Puri, V, Yi, H., Schupp, J. R., Yi, Hojae, Schupp, J, Heinemann, P. H., Choi, Daeun, Heinemann, P, Puri, V. M., 2020
Internet of Things (IoT)-based precision irrigation with LoRaWAN technology applied to high tunnel vegetable production
ASABE Annual International Meeting, Zhang, Haozhe, He, Long, Di Gioia, Francesco, Choi, Daeun Dana, Heinemann, Paul, 2020
Collision free path planning of a robotic manipulator for pruning apple trees, Zahid, Azlan, He, Long, Choi, Daeun Dana, Schupp, James, Heinemann, Paul, 2020
Towards image-based measurement of accurate apple size and yield using stereo vision cameras, Mirbod, Omeed, Choi, Daeun, Heinemann, Paul, Marini, Richard, 2020
Prediction of human assessments of dairy odor utilizing a fast gas chromatograph and neural networks
Computers and Electronics in Agriculture, Chang, Fangle, Heinemann, Paul H., 2019
RootRobot: A field-based platform for maize root system architecture phenotyping, Shi, Xiaomeng, Choi, Daeun, Heinemann, Paul, Hanlon, Molly, Lynch, Jonathan, 2019
Development of a mushroom harvesting assistance system using computer vision, Lee, Cheng, Choi, Daeun, Pecchia, John, He, Long, Heinemann, Paul, 2019
Tree trunk position estimation for accurate fruit counts in apple yield mapping, Jarvinen, Thomas, Choi, Daeun, Heinemann, Paul, Schupp, James, Baugher, T, 2019
Optimizing prediction of human assessments of dairy odors using input variable selection
Computers and Electronics in Agriculture, Chang, Fangle, Heinemann, Paul H., 2018
Prediction of human responses to dairy odor using an electronic nose and neural networks
Transactions of the ASABE, Chang, F., Heinemann, P. H., 2018
Economic analysis of a low-cost apple harvest-assist unit
HortTechnology, Zhang, Zhao, Heinemann, Paul H., 2017
The development of mechanical apple harvesting technology: A review
Transactions of the ASABE, Zhang, Zhao, Heinemann, Paul, Liu, Jude, Schupp, James, Baugher, Tara, 2016
Straight vegetable oil as a replacement fuel for diesel: Comparing tractor performance in stationary and field tests
Transactions of the ASABE, Julius, C., Heinemann, P. H., Schaufler, D. H., Roth, G. W., Liu, J., Boehman, A. L., 2016
Design and field test of a low-cost apple harvest-assist unit
Transactions of the ASABE, Zhang, Z., Heinemann, P. H., Liu, J., Schupp, J. R., Baugher, T. A., 2016
Development of a selective automated blossom thinning system for peaches
Transactions of the ASABE, Lyons, D. J., Heinemann, P. H., Schupp, J. R., Baugher, T. A., Liu, J., 2015
Prediction of human assessments of odor using electronic nose and neural networks, Chang, Fangle, Heinemann, Paul, 2015
