An incubator should be operated in a location free from drafts and direct sunlight. An incubator should also be operated for several hours with water placed in a pan to stabilize its internal atmosphere before fertile eggs are set. During the warm-up period the temperature should be adjusted to hold a constant 100°F for still air, 99° to 100°F for forced air. To obtain reliable readings, the bulb of the thermometer should be at the same height as the tops of the eggs and away from the source of heat. Using two thermometers is a good idea to ensure you are getting an accurate reading.
Incubator temperature should be maintained between 99° and 100°F. The acceptable range is 97° to 102°F. High mortality is seen if the temperature drops below 96°F or rises above 103°F for a number of hours. If the temperature stays at either extreme for several days, the egg may not hatch. Overheating is more critical than underheating. Running the incubator at 105°F for 15 minutes will seriously affect the embryos, but running it at 95°F for 3 or 4 hours will only slow their metabolic rate.
Do not make the mistake of overheating the eggs. Many times, when the eggs remain clear and show no development, it is due to excessive heat during the first 48-72 hours. Do not adjust the heat upward during the first 48 hours. This practice cooks many eggs. The eggs will take time to warm to incubator temperature and many times the incubator temperature will drop below 98°F for the first 6 to 8 hours or until the egg warms to 99° to 100°F.
