Statistical Consulting Services
The Statistical Consulting Center is an educational and service unit in Penn State’s Department of Statistics. Faculty, staff and graduate and undergraduate students from Statistics, Computer Science/ Engineering, and Management Science/Information Services provide advice, project management, data management, and statistical analysis for the University and private research community. The Center provides walk-in, short term, and longer term consulting services to graduate students, staff, and faculty. Short-term services include two free consultation meetings; whereas longer term services are on an arranged-fee basis.
It is recommended that each student consult with the Statistical Consulting Service during the planning of experiments and prior to data collection, to assure that adequate consideration has been given to statistical analysis.
Thesis Guidelines and Specifications
A degree candidate must demonstrate ability to do independent research and competence in scholarly exposition by the preparation of a thesis on a topic related to the major subject. The thesis should represent a significant contribution to knowledge, be presented in a scholarly manner, reveal an ability on the part of the candidate to do independent research of high quality and indicate considerable experience in using a variety of research techniques. In conformance with the Family Educational Rights and Privacy Act, students are hereby notified that their thesis and other research work may be made publicly available through libraries and other means.
The thesis is to be developed by the student with the supervision, support, and criticism of the Advisor. The draft thesis is to be submitted first to the Advisor. The student and the Advisor may agree to prior review of the thesis, either section-by-section or in its entirety, or both. After the thesis has been approved by the Advisor, the student distributes a copy to each member of the Dissertation committee. This draft should be complete in every respect including figures, tables, and bibliography; the content and style should be correct and polished.
Graduate students should allow a minimum of five working days before the Final Oral Exam for Dissertation committee members to review the thesis. Some members may require more time. Time for thesis reviews can often be reduced considerably if the graduate student notifies the committee members in advance of the date when copies will be submitted for review.
Acknowledgments. A student is highly encouraged to acknowledge the funding source(s) in the acknowledgments section of the thesis. In all cases, the Penn State College of Agricultural Sciences should be recognized for the contributions it has made to the student’s thesis research activities. If the student or the student’s research is additionally supported by a contract or grant activity, then it is highly appropriate to acknowledge the source of the external support. An example appropriate statement to acknowledge the support is "Thank you to <Department Head's name> for providing financial support from the Penn State College of Agricultural Sciences throughout my graduate study" or, more simply, "The support received from the Penn State College of Agricultural Sciences is gratefully acknowledged."
Units. All these must be in SI Units. Customary units may be included in parentheses for special applications.
Thesis Typing. The Information Technology Services (ITS) offers PSTT (Penn State Thesis Template). The thesis is to be completed at the student's expense. Departmental microcomputers may be used for thesis preparation under the following conditions:
- The equipment may be used only by the student.
- The student will readily relinquish the use of the equipment when needed by students or others for extension, research, or teaching purposes.
- The printers are not to be used for multiple copies.
Submission of Thesis. The thesis must meet the Graduate School's format and other requirements. The Office of Theses and Dissertations publishes a "Thesis Guide" and provides thesis writers workshops several times each semester. In addition to Graduate School requirements, the student must provide one CD or an electronic copy to the Thesis Office and his/her Advisor.
(Advisors and the Dissertation committee may require additional copies, in bound or other formats. The cost of any additional copies required by the sponsor of the research project will be covered by the project funds.)
A graduate student must present a departmental seminar at the termination of each degree program, based on his/her thesis project. Seminars should be scheduled through the Seminar Chair, be during the regular seminar time slot, and be after the Final Exam or at least as close to the end of the degree program as is practical.
Graduate students must attend all department seminars each semester unless they have course conflicts and are encouraged to suggest topics and speakers to the seminar committee. Seminar attendance after passing the Final Oral Exam is optional.
If a student has a regularly scheduled course during the seminar period, then the student must inform the Graduate Program Coordinator at the beginning of the semester prior to the first scheduled seminar. A student may miss up to three seminars per semester without any penalty. If the number of missed seminars exceeds three, this absence will be noted on the student’s progress report and the department may withdraw funds for travel to conferences and/or other departmental support. No remedial action will be required if the student provides evidence of attending seminars elsewhere at Penn State; equal in number to the missed seminars during the same semester. The substitute seminars must be part of an organized series or a special event and cannot be seminars given as part of a graduate committee event.
Participation in Departmental Activities
All graduate students are invited and encouraged to attend department meetings, retreats, seminars, socials, and all other activities. However, at the discretion of the Department Head, some departmental activities may be for only the faculty.
Graduate students are also invited and encouraged to become involved with departmental committees. Graduate students may not serve on the Graduate Applications Subcommittee to avoid any conflict of interests. Graduate student members of committees shall have full voting rights.
Student Organizations
There are several student organizations responding to the needs of graduate students. The largest group is the Graduate Student Association (GSA) which is a university-wide group consisting of representatives from each department. GSA provides a liaison between graduate students and University Administration and acts as both a lobbying group for student issues (such as insurance and taxes) and as a social organization providing such opportunities as happy hours and the summer rental of garden plots. The Engineering Graduate Student Council (EGSC) performs a similar function by providing a communication link to the College of Engineering. EGSC often sponsors panel discussions and brown-bag lunches while also having input on various college advisory committees. Representatives for both groups are elected from within the department near the end of each spring semester.
The diversity among graduate students is reflected by the number of ethnic and social groups available to students. Among the many groups are Friends of India (FOI), Women in Science and Engineering (WISE), and the Black Caucus. The Penn State Outing Club has many divisions including canoeing, hiking, biking, skiing, and equestrian.
Post-Graduation Employment
Assistance finding employment is available at the department, College, and University levels. The Agricultural Sciences Careers Fair is held each fall and attracts about 50 employers. University-wide career fairs are held each September and April in Bryce Jordan Center. Career Services (http://studentaffairs.psu.edu/career/ provides assistance in the following areas:
- Drop-In & Career Counseling
- Nittany Lion Career Network
- Job Search and Career Fairs
- Workshops & Events
- Career Information Center
- Education Credentials Services
Student Petitions
A graduate student has the right to submit a petition concerning any academic and/or administrative policy related to the graduate degree program. A petition needs to be approved by the Advisor and the Dissertation committee and then sent to the Graduate Program Coordinator who will forward the petition as appropriate. The Department Head, in consultation with the Graduate Studies Committee, will make the final decision on petitions relating to policies and requirements promulgated by the department. In all cases, a petition must be submitted as early as possible so that the student has time to develop alternative plans if the petition is denied. Problems that develop between a student and member(s) of the Dissertation committee can be arbitrated on a confidential basis by the Department Head and/or Dean of the Graduate School, as appropriate.
Administrative Policies
A graduate student on a 1/4-time assistantship is expected to work a minimum of 10 hours per week on activities that are in compliance with the overall departmental objectives as determined by the Advisor. Students on 1/2-time or full-time assistantships are expected to work on a similar basis for a minimum of 20 hours or 40 hours per week, respectively. These work requirements may include thesis research activities. Students on a ½-time assistantship are normally expected to enroll in a total of 12 credits of coursework+research during the fall and spring semester, except for doctoral students who have passed their comprehensive exam. Those students instead register for ABE 601 – Ph.D. Dissertation Full Time (0 Credits).
To allow for obtaining a broad base of experiences and professional growth, each graduate student is encouraged to seek involvement with the Advisor and/or Dissertation committee members to gain teaching (classroom or extension) experiences as a part of the graduate education. This experience is expected for all Ph.D. candidates. In addition, each Ph.D. candidate should seek involvement with his/her Advisor to write and submit a research proposal for external funding. Each graduate student should discuss the opportunities for participation in teaching and proposal preparation with his/her Advisor and the Department Head.
The Test of Spoken English (TSE) is required of graduate students whose native language is not English before such students can be appointed to graduate teaching assistantships. Students who score less than 220 on the TSE will not be permitted to hold teaching assistantships.
Procedures for Resolution of Problems
Should problems, disagreements or conflicts arise between the graduate student and the advisor(s), as a first step, every effort should be made to resolve them with the advisor(s) first. If resolution cannot be achieved, Graduate Program Coordinator and Graduate Studies Committee Chair should be consulted to resolve the issue. The Graduate Program Coordinator and Graduate Committee Chair may also bring the Graduate Program Head (who is also the Department Head) into the process at that time. If the Graduate Program Head/Department Head is not involved in the step with the Graduate Program Coordinator and Graduate Committee Chair and if the resolution still could not be achieved at that time, as a next step, the issues should be brought up to the Graduate Program Head to address and resolve the issue(s). If the resolution still cannot be achieved, subsequent efforts to resolve the disagreement should be taken following GCAC-802 (Procedures for Resolution of Problems).
Work Related Injury
The University covers its employees with Worker's Compensation Insurance as a protection for injuries or illness compensable under the Pennsylvania Worker's Compensation Act.
An employee has an obligation to report any work-related injury, regardless of how minor, to his or her supervisor. The employee will be provided with a "Workers' Compensation Employee Notification" form and a copy of the "Healthcare Provider Panel" list. Any treatment for the first 90 days from first treatment must come from a "Panel" provider to ensure that the University will pay for medical treatment. If the injury results in an immediate medical emergency, initial medical assistance may be obtained from a hospital or health care provider of the employee's choice. However, subsequent treatment must be from a "Provider Panel" participant.
Additional information on this topic can be obtained from the Risk Management Office/Privacy Office, 227 West Beaver Avenue, Suite103 Rider Building, State College, PA 16801, phone 814-865-6307.
Health Insurance
The Student Insurance Office is responsible for administering two health insurance plans for graduate students. A graduate student who is on a Graduate Assistantship or Graduate Fellowship is automatically enrolled in the Penn State Graduate Assistant and Graduate Fellow Health Insurance Plan, and the Vision and Dental Plans, which also provides coverage for eligible dependents. Penn State will provide a subsidy of 80% of the annual premium cost for the graduate assistant or fellow and deduct the student's 20% contribution from the monthly paycheck. Health insurance subsidy for eligible dependents is 70% of the annual premium expense. To enroll a spouse and/or dependents for Medical, Dental, and Vision benefits, graduate students must complete the "Online Dependent Enrollment Form" within the initial website listed below.
Graduate students not on an assistantship or fellowship may enroll in the Penn State Student Accident and Sickness Insurance Plan. All international students and their accompanying dependents (spouse and/or children) must have health insurance coverage. This may be fulfilled in one of two ways:
- Purchase the Penn State Student Accident and Illness Plan
- Acquire a comparable health insurance plan and provide the University with documentation that provides proof of insurance by submitting a waiver application to the Student Insurance Office.
Further details regarding student health insurance are available at the University Health Services Office, 302 Student Health Center, phone 814-865-7467, or visit: https://studentaffairs.psu.edu/health-wellness/health-insurance.
Publication and Presentation
Publication and presentation of knowledge created through research is an essential experience in graduate education. Future employers in academia, government and industry use a student's publication and presentation records as important metrics in evaluating the quality of applicants. The experience and skills developed by preparing and submitting a manuscript, engaging in scholarly debate during the review process, and producing a polished final publication are important for a student's career. Similarly, the ability to provide a clear, accurate and compelling scholarly presentation will be needed throughout one's professional life. In addition, student and faculty productivity in publishing and presenting research results are important to the success of the department. Publication and/or presentation may also be a requirement associated with some sources of student funding.
To prepare graduate students for success in obtaining and excelling in future positions, it is expected that students will prepare and submit publications appropriate for their specific field of study. These may include peer reviewed journal articles, conference papers or extension publications. Students are also expected to present their research at a conference or venue appropriate for their field. Specific expectations for number of publications and presentations will be established by the student, advisor, and advisory/doctoral committee. For example, an M.S. student may be expected to submit 1-2 peer reviewed journal articles and provide 1 technical conference presentation. A Ph.D. student may be expected to submit 3-4 peer reviewed journal articles and provide 1-2 conference presentations. Students should discuss expectations with their advisor at the start of the degree program and, once an advisory/doctoral committee is formed, discuss again so that the expectations are clear. Expectations should be revisited at least yearly during committee meetings and be included in student’s progress reports. The student, advisor and committee should establish and follow a research plan that will enable the student to achieve the publication and presentation goals. Students are also expected to support the publication process after graduation. This may include leading the preparation of new publications, aiding in the development of a response to reviewer comments, revising manuscripts and reviewing proofs. In the event that a student graduates having obtained publishable research but does not submit a publication on that research after a period of 6 months, the student’s advisor(s) and collaborator(s) may submit a manuscript based on, or that includes, the research. Authorship will be determined based on the level of effort and intellectual contributions of those involved. The student will be notified in writing of the intent to publish and authorship status. Reasonable expenses for publication of manuscripts based on theses (i.e., page charges) are considered legitimate departmental expenses and will be paid by the department. However, expenses for thesis preparation are considered personal expenses and must be paid by the student.
Research Data, Software, Designs, and Manuscripts
All research data, patents, designs, computer software, creations, slides, pictures, reports, etc. obtained by graduate students on assistantship support are the property of the ABE Department. All research data and other requested materials must be submitted to the Advisor before the student leaves Penn State University. The student must also archive all research data using a university archive service such as ScholarSphere available at the university library. If any patents or copyrights are awarded to the inventions or designs of any graduate student's thesis research, then both the student and Advisor
are credited. They can receive a percentage of the profits or royalties realized from the patents or copyrights.
Professional Ethics
Penn State policy AD-47 sets forth statements of general standards of professional ethics to serve as a reminder of the variety of obligations assumed by all members of the academic community, including graduate students. The handling of inquiries into questions of ethics is covered in RA-10. RA-13 deals with the co-authorship of scholarly reports, papers, and publications. These policies are available from the departmental administrative assistant.
Academic Integrity
Academic integrity is the pursuit of scholarly activity in an open, honest, and responsible manner. Academic integrity is a basic guiding principle for all academic activity at The Pennsylvania State University, and all members of the University community are expected to act in accordance with this principle. Consistent with this expectation, students should act with personal integrity, respect other students' dignity, rights, and property, and help create and maintain an environment in which all can succeed through the fruits of their efforts. Academic integrity includes a commitment not to engage in or tolerate acts of falsification, misrepresentation, or deception. Such acts of dishonesty violate the fundamental ethical principles of the University community and compromise the worth of work completed by others. Students should read and become familiar with The Pennsylvania State University Policies AC47 General Standards of Professional Ethics; AD67 Disclosure of Wrongful Conduct and Protection from Retaliation; and AD88 Code of Responsible Conduct.
Academic Integrity Guidelines for the College of Agricultural Sciences can be found online.
A lack of knowledge or understanding of the University's Academic Integrity policy and the types of actions it prohibits and/or requires does not excuse one from complying with the policy. Penn State and the College of Agricultural Sciences take violations of academic integrity very seriously. Faculty, alumni, staff, and fellow students expect each student to uphold the University’s standards of academic integrity both in and outside of the classroom.
Penn State welcomes students with disabilities into the University's educational programs. If you have a disability-related need for reasonable academic adjustments in this course, contact the Office for Disability Services (ODS) at 814-863-1807 (V/TTY). For further information regarding ODS, please visit the Office for Disability Services Web site .
In order to receive consideration for course accommodations, you must contact ODS and provide documentation (see the documentation guidelines). If the documentation supports the need for academic adjustments, ODS will provide a letter identifying appropriate academic adjustments. Please share this letter and discuss the adjustments with your instructor as early in the course as possible. You must contact ODS and request academic adjustment letters at the beginning of each semester.
Leave of Absence
A graduate student may request a leave of absence as described in Penn State policy GSAD-906 when they, or an immediate family member, experiences a significant life event that has the potential to disrupt progress towards the student's degree. Significant life events may include, but are not limited to, illness/injury and recovery of the graduate student, illness/injury and recovery of an immediate family member requiring care by the graduate student, birth or adoption of a child and bereavement for the death of an immediate family member. Active-duty service members or activated reserve-component members of the U.S. Armed Forces and/or spouses/domestic partners of active-duty members or activated reserve-component members who are ordered by their military service to relocate or deploy and, as a result, are unable to complete a schedule of courses for a given semester may also request a leave of absence.
In the case of foreseeable events (e.g., impending birth of a child), the student should inform their adviser and department head as soon as the circumstances and dates of needed leave are known. Three months' notice would be ideal. For unforeseeable events, notification should be made as soon as possible once the need arises. Please see full details included in policy GSAD-906.
Travel to Professional Meetings
Graduate students registered full-time will be provided with $300.00 support plus surface transportation to attend one national ASABE Meeting (or comparable professional meeting) while pursuing a graduate degree. Each full-time graduate student will be encouraged to attend additional ASABE National Meetings with this level of support when he/she is senior author of a paper that he/she is presenting. Surface transportation will be provided, as resources allow, for all graduate students to the ASABE National Meetings regardless of how many times they have attended previously. Support for graduate students to attend other national professional meetings may be provided with the recommendation of the Advisor. This travel support is provided to graduate students from general departmental funds to further stimulate professional growth and development. Budget constraints may dictate that this travel support be reduced at times.
Office and Key Assignments
Office space is assigned to graduate students on a space-available, priority basis; assignments are made by the Graduate Program Coordinator. Priority of office space is given in the order of: 1) graduate students with assistantship support; 2) full-time graduate students without assistantship support; 3) full-time graduate students on provisional admittance; and 4) part-time graduate students.
Nearly every graduate student desk has a desk-top bookshelf. To preserve the high-quality of the desk-top bookshelves, please do not fasten anything to the bookshelves with tape, glue, thumbtacks, staples, nails, etc. These bookcases were made from high-quality, cabinet-grade oak plywood and they will be attractive for many years if they are properly cared for today. Upon request, a small bulletin board will be provided to each graduate student for mounting items rather than fastening them to the bookshelf. Keys are available for most desks.
Door keys will be assigned to graduate students by the Administrative Assistant; assigned keys will unlock exterior doors and doors to graduate student offices and many labs. If a graduate student needs access to other facilities, an appropriate key will be assigned. All door keys require a $5.00 refundable deposit.
Graduate students must return keys assigned to them upon completion of their graduate program. Keys are not to be loaned to anyone and it is unlawful to duplicate them. GRADUATE OFFICE DOORS ARE TO BE KEPT LOCKED WHENEVER NO ONE IS PRESENT IN THE ROOM.
>Recycling
Each graduate student is expected to participate in recycling, per Policy AD34 University Recycling Program. Recycling Guidelines are posted on departmental bulletin boards.
Smoking
For the consideration of health, comfort, and safety of all people in the department, SMOKING IS NOT ALLOWED IN ANY FORM IN ANY AREA of the Agricultural Engineering Building or in any University vehicles.
Regulatory Compliance
Human Research Subjects. University policy requires institutional review and approval of all activities that involve using human subjects in research. A human subject is defined as an individual about whom an investigator (whether professional or student) conducting research obtains (1) data through intervention or interaction with the individual, or (2) identifiable private information. Contact the Office for Research Protections, The 330 Building, Suite 205, University Park, PA, or phone 814-865-1775 or e-mail ORProtections@psu.edu, for more details.
Vertebrate Animals. Approval by the University's Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee (IACUC) is required prior to the involvement of a vertebrate animal in any University activity. This policy applies to non-human vertebrate animals, live or dead, and parts thereof, excluding established cell lines, biological fluids, and conventional foods. Contact the Office for Research Protections, The 330 Building, Suite 205, University Park, PA, or phone 814-865-1775 or e-mail ORProtections@psu.edu, for more details.
Biohazardous Materials. All University research and teaching activities involving biohazardous materials shall be reviewed and approved by the University Biosafety Committee prior to the use of any such reagent. Included are carcinogens, toxins, infectious agents, recombinant DNA, and human body fluids or tissue. Contact the Office for Research Protections, The 330 Building, Suite 205, University Park, PA, 814-865-1775, ORProtections@psu.edu, or Office of Environmental Health and Safety, 6 Eisenhower Parking Deck, 814-865-6391, for more details.
Hazardous Materials. All hazardous materials must be properly handled, including proper waste disposal. Contact the Office of Environmental Health and Safety, 6 Eisenhower Parking Deck, 814-865-6391, for more details.
Purchasing
Materials, supplies, equipment, and travel required for conducting research contributing to a departmental research program will be supported by the department with state and federal funds and special grants.
All purchases made for extension, research, and teaching activities, whether related to thesis research or not, must be approved in advance by the Advisor and should be made using a Penn State Purchasing Card whenever practical. The policy of the department with respect to purchases is as follows:
- A graduate student must obtain approval of the Advisor before ordering or picking up
- The signed receipt must be attached to a yellow reconciliation form and submitted to the Administrative Assistant.
- These receipts are kept on file by the Administrative Assistant to be checked against the monthly bills.
Supplies and Support Services
Requests for supplies and support services, especially including the assistance of secretaries and technicians, are to be channeled through the Advisor. Supplies and services are restricted to work in support of research activities with approval of the Advisor. However, expenses related to coursework and thesis preparation are considered personal expenses and must be paid by the student.
Graduate students are expected to write manuscripts for publication based on thesis or technical projects and to participate with faculty in the preparation of grant proposals. Related expenses are considered legitimate departmental expenses and, with Advisor approval, necessary supplies and support services will be made available.
Computers and Access Accounts
The department has a microcomputer lab in Room 309 that is available for graduate student use when not needed for classes. All lab computers are directly connected to the university network backbone for full Internet capabilities.
All students will be assigned an access account by the university. Account IDs and passwords can be obtained by showing proper identification (student ID or driver’s license) at any public computer laboratory on campus, 12 Willard, or Accounts office in 230 Computer Building. The access account provides electronic mail support and Netnews privileges. All microcomputers in the department support electronic mail and Internet access programs.
Microcomputers in rooms FRL 303 are available for coursework, research, and any university-related use. In addition, they can be used for professional development materials such as thesis, resumes, letters, etc. However, use of laser printers for personal use, including professional development items, will cost 10 cents per page, payable to the Administrative Assistant.
No software may be placed on any departmental computer without permission of the computer systems manager and/or Advisor. Commercial software on these computers may not be copied at any time. Graduate students can be allocated storage space on a server by requesting it from the systems administrator. Personal files should be kept on a CD or USB drive, since all personal files and unofficial software will be removed periodically.
Occasionally, instructors will reserve the computer lab for a particular class period. During these times, the class has priority on the lab computers. However, in many cases the instructor will allow use of open computers during that time. Please check with the instructor who reserved the lab if you desire to use a computer during that time.
Graduate students have access to the computer lab after regular work hours. It is the student’s responsibility to lock the doors in the computer room when leaving during the hours of 5:00 p.m. to 8:00 a.m. and during weekends and holidays.
Fabrication Lab
Students are expected to fabricate experimental equipment needed for their thesis research if the equipment is not otherwise available. Students must follow all guidelines and policies, found at http://abe.psu.edu/research/facilities/fabrication-lab. Please note the following:
- The Fabrication Lab is intended only for extension, research, and teaching activities.
- All graduate students must attend and satisfactorily complete workshops of instruction on the proper, safe use of facilities and tools. Upon completion of this course, the graduate student will be extended the privilege of Fabrication Lab access. See Fabrication Lab Supervisor for more details. Faculty and staff are expected to complete the workshops as well.
- Eye protection (safety spectacles or cover goggles) and disposable hearing protection are available free of charge to all graduate students upon their initial employment. This equipment is considered the property of the individual student. It is recommended that an individual wearing prescription glasses use the cover goggles on top of prescription glasses.
- Each graduate student shall use the personal protective equipment when working with any of the tools, equipment, and facilities in the Fabrication Lab. Safety instructions, more specialized safety equipment, and reminders are mounted on or near the tools, equipment, and facilities. If there is ever any doubt concerning the safe, proper use of any of the tools, equipment, or facilities, please check with the Fabrication Lab Supervisor.
- A graduate student may not permit people outside the department to use any departmental equipment, facilities, or supplies.
- In cases of extensive or complex fabrication, personnel may help with the work, or the work may be contracted out. Use of personnel must be arranged by the Advisor in advance. Graduate students should not use general Lab supplies (steel, plastic, pipe, wood, etc.) without prior approval of the Fabrication Lab Supervisor and Advisor.
Use of University Vehicles
University vehicles are for OFFICIAL USE ONLY. Operators of university vehicles must abide by all highway laws. Special courtesy to other drivers should be exercised at all times, since one is representing the department, University and Commonwealth when driving a university vehicle. Only University students and employees may be passengers in university vehicles unless others have been authorized to participate in official business. An operator should check with the Department Head or the Advisor to determine whether a non-employee has been authorized to ride.
Requirements to operate university vehicles include that the drivers have a driver's license that is valid in Pennsylvania and be an employee of the University. Only those graduate students who are receiving an assistantship, fellowship, or wages from Penn State are employees. Students operating University vehicles must check with the Fabrication Lab Supervisor concerning procedures for signing out vehicles, purchasing fuel, and maintaining vehicle records.
Teaching Skills
All graduate students are encouraged to develop their teaching skills while pursuing their graduate degrees. The Penn State Graduate School's teaching certificate is a good option for this
